MULTIPLICATION TIPS FOR CHILDREN - BY KEY STAGE TWO.COM
-Multiplying by five
Here is an easy way to find an answer to a 5 times question. If you are multiplying 5 times an even number: halve the number you are multiplying by and place a zero after the number. Example: 5 ? 6, half of 6 is 3, add a zero for an answer of 30. Another example: 5 ? 8, half of 8 is 4, add a zero for an answer of 40.
If you are multiplying 5 times an odd number: subtract one from the number you are multiplying, then halve that number and place a 5 after the resulting number. Example: 5 ? 7: -1 from 7 is 6, half of 6 is 3, place a 5 at the end of the resulting number to produce the number 35. Another example: 5 ? 3: -1 from 3 is 2, half of 2 is 1, place a 5 at the end of this number to produce 15.
To square a number that ends in 5, multiply the tens digit by (itself+1), then append 25. For example: to calculate 25 ? 25, first do 2 ? 3 = 6, then append 25 to this result; the answer is 625. Other examples: 55 x 55; 5 ? 6 = 30, answer is 3025. You can also square three digit numbers this way, by starting with the the first two digits: 995 x 995; 99 ? 100 = 9900, answer is 990025.
-Multiplying by nine
To multiply by nine on your fingers, hold up ten fingers - if the problem is 9 ? 8 you just put down your 8 finger and there’s your answer: 72. (If the problem is 9 ? 7 just put down your 7 finger: 63.)
When you are multiplying by 9, on your fingers (starting with your thumb) count the number you are multiplying by and hold down that finger. The number of fingers before the finger held down is the first digit of the answer and the number of finger after the finger held down is the second digit of the answer.
Example: 2 ? 9. your index finder is held down, your thumb is before, representing 1, and there are eight fingers after your index finger, representing 18.
When you multiply a number times 9, count back one from that number to get the beginning of your product. (5 ? 9: one less than 5 is 4). To get the rest of your answer, just think of the add fact families for 9:
1 + 8 = 9 2 + 7 = 9 3 + 6 = 9 4 + 5 = 9
8 + 1 = 9 7 + 2 = 9 6 + 3 = 9 5 + 4 = 9
5 ? 9 = 4_. Just think to yourself: 4 + _ = 9 because the digits in your product always add up to 9 when one of the factors is 9. Therefore, 4 + 5 = 9 and your answer is 45!
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